Widmaier, Eric P.
Vander's human physiology : the mechanisms of body function / Human physiology. Eric P. Widmaier, Hershel Raff, Kevin T. Strang. - 12th ed. / Eric P. Widmaier, Hershel Raff, Kevin T. Strang. - New York : McGraw-Hill, c2011. - p;686 ill. (chiefly col.) ; 29 cm.
Includes index.
Homeostasis: a framework for human physiology -- Chemical composition of the body -- Cellular structure, proteins, and metabolism -- Movement of molecules across cell membranes -- Control of cells by chemical messengers -- Neuronal signaling and the structure of the nervous system -- Sensory physiology -- Consciousness, the brain, and behavior -- Muscle -- Control of Body Movement -- The endocrine system -- Cardiovascular physiology -- Respiratory physiology -- The kidneys and regulation of water and inorganic ions -- The digestion and absorption of food -- Regulation of organic metabolism and energy balance -- Reproduction -- The immune system -- Medical physiology: integration using clinical cases. Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology -- The Scope of Human Physiology -- How Is the Body Organized? -- Muscle Cells and Tissue -- Neurons and Nervous Tissue -- Epithelial Cells and Epithelial Tissue -- Connective-Tissue Cells and Connective Tissue -- Organs and Organ Systems -- Body Fluid Compartments -- Homeostasis: A Defining Feature of Physiology -- General Characteristics of Homeostatic Control Systems -- Feedback Systems -- Resetting of Set Points -- Feedforward Regulation -- Components of Homeostatic Control Systems -- Reflexes -- Local Homeostatic Responses -- Intercellular Chemical Messengers -- Processes Related to Homeostasis -- Adaptation and Acclimatization -- Biological Rhythms -- Balance in the Homeostasis of Chemical Substances in the Body -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Chemical Composition of the Body. Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. ch. 1 ch. 2 Atoms -- Components of Atoms -- Atomic Number -- Atomic Weight -- Ions -- Atomic Composition of the Body -- Molecules -- Covalent Chemical Bonds -- Hydrogen Bonds -- Molecular Shape -- Ionic Molecules -- Free Radicals -- Solutions -- Water -- Molecular Solubility -- Concentration -- Hydrogen Ions and Acidity -- Classes of Organic Molecules -- Carbohydrates -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Nucleic Acids -- ATP -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism -- Cell Structure -- Microscopic Observations of Cells -- Membranes -- Membrane Structure -- Membrane Junctions -- Cell Organelles -- Nucleus -- Ribosomes -- Endoplasmic Reticulum -- Golgi Apparatus -- Endosomes -- Mitochondria -- Lysosomes -- Peroxisomes -- Vaults -- Cytoskeleton -- Proteins -- Genetic Code -- Protein Synthesis -- Transcription: mRNA Synthesis -- Translation: Polypeptide Synthesis -- Regulation of Protein Synthesis -- Mutation. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. ch. 2 ch. 3 Section A 3A.1. 3A.2. 3A.3. Section B 3B.1. 3B.2. Protein Degradation -- Protein Secretion -- Protein-Binding Sites -- t 3B.3. 3B.4. Section C 3C.1. Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes -- Diffusion -- Magnitude and Direction of Diffusion -- Diffusion Rate Versus Distance -- Diffusion Through Membranes -- Mediated-Transport Systems -- Facilitated Diffusion -- Active Transport -- Osmosis -- Extracellular Osmolarity and Cell Volume -- Endocytosis and Exocytosis -- Endocytosis -- Exocytosis -- Epithelial Transport -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers -- Receptors -- Regulation of Receptors -- Signal Transduction Pathways -- Pathways Initiated by Lipid-Soluble Messengers -- Pathways Initiated by Water-Soluble Messengers -- Plasma Membrane Receptors and Gene Transcription -- Cessation of Activity in Signal Transduction Pathways -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System -- Neural Tissue. Ch. 4 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. ch. 4 ch. 5 5.1. 5.2. ch. 5 ch. 6 Section A Structure and Maintenance of Neurons -- Functional Classes of Neurons -- Glial Cells -- Neural Growth and Regeneration -- Membrane Potentials -- Basic Principles of Electricity -- The Resting Membrane Potential -- Graded Potentials and Action Potentials -- Graded Potentials -- Action Potentials -- Synapses -- Functional Anatomy of Synapses -- t 6A.1. 6A.2. 6A.3. 6A.4. Section B 6B.1. 6B.2. 6B.3. Section C 6C.1. 6C.2. Peripheral Nervous System -- Autonomic Nervous System -- Blood Supply, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Sensory Physiology -- General Principles -- Sensory Receptors -- The Receptor Potential -- Primary Sensory Coding -- Stimulus Type -- Stimulus Intensity -- Stimulus Location -- Central Control of Afferent Information -- Ascending Neural Pathways in Sensory Systems -- Association Cortex and Perceptual Processing -- Factors That Affect Perception -- Specific Sensory Systems -- Somatic Sensation -- Touch and Pressure -- Sense of Posture and Movement -- Temperature -- Pain -- Neural Pathways of the Somatosensory System -- Vision -- Light -- Overview of Eye Anatomy -- The Optics of Vision -- Photoreceptor Cells and Phototransduction -- Neural Pathways of Vision -- Color Vision -- Color Blindness -- Eye Movement. 6D.3. 6D.4. 6D.5. ch. 6 ch. 7 Section A 7A.1. 7A.2. 7A.3. 7A.4. Section B 7B.1. 7B.2. Hearing -- Sound -- Sound Transmission in the Ear -- Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti -- Neural Pathways in Hearing -- Vestibular System -- The Semicircular Canals -- The Utricle and Saccule -- Vestibular Information and Pathways -- Chemical Senses -- Taste -- Smell -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior -- States of Consciousness -- Electroencephalogram -- The Waking State -- Sleep -- Neural Substrates of States of Consciousness -- Coma and Brain Death -- Conscious Experiences -- Selective Attention -- Neural Mechanisms of Conscious Experiences -- Motivation and Emotion -- Motivation -- Emotion -- Altered States of Consciousness -- Schizophrenia -- The Mood Disorders: Depressions and Bipolar Disorders -- Psychoactive Substances, Dependences, and Tolerance -- Learning and Memory -- Memory -- The Neural Basis of Learning and Memory -- Cerebral Dominance and Language. 7B.3. 7B.4. 7B.5. ch. 7 ch. 8 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Muscle -- Skeletal Muscle -- Structure -- Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Contraction -- Sliding-Filament Mechanism -- Roles of Troponin, Tropomyosin, and Ca2+ in Contraction -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling -- Membrane Excitation: The Neuromuscular Junction -- Mechanics of Single-Fiber Contraction -- Twitch Contractions -- Load-Velocity Relation -- Length-Tension Relation -- Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism -- Muscle Fatigue -- Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers -- Whole-Muscle Contraction -- Control of Muscle Tension -- Control of Shortening Velocity -- Muscle Adaptation to Exercise -- Lever Action of Muscles and Bones -- Skeletal Muscle Disorders -- Muscle Cramps -- Hypocalcemic Tetany -- Muscular Dystrophy -- Myasthenia Gravis -- Smooth and Cardiac Muscle -- Structure of Smooth Muscle. Ch. 8 ch. 9 Section A 9A.1. 9A.2. 9A.3. 9A.4. 9A.5. 9A.6. 9A.7. Section B 9B.1. Smooth Muscle Contraction and Its Control -- Cross-Bridge Activation -- Sources of Cytosolic Ca2+ -- Membrane Activation -- Types of Smooth Muscle -- Cardiac Muscle -- Cellular Structure of Cardiac Muscle -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Control of Body Movement -- Motor Control Hierarchy -- Voluntary and Involuntary Actions -- Local Control of Motor Neurons -- Interneurons -- Local Afferent Input -- The Brain Motor Centers and the Descending Pathways They Control -- Cerebral Cortex -- Subcortical and Brainstem Nuclei -- Cerebellum -- Descending Pathways. 9B.2. 9B.3. ch. 9 ch. 10 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. Note continued: Muscle Tone -- Abnormal Muscle Tone -- Maintenance of Upright Posture and Balance -- Walking -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Endocrine System -- Principles of Hormonal Control Systems -- Hormone Structures and Synthesis -- Amine Hormones -- Peptide and Protein Hormones -- Steroid Hormones -- Hormone Transport in the Blood -- Hormone Metabolism and Excretion -- Mechanisms of Hormone Action -- Hormone Receptors -- Events Elicited by Hormone-Receptor Binding -- Pharmacological Effects of Hormones -- Inputs That Control Hormone Secretion -- Control by Plasma Concentrations of Mineral Ions or Organic Nutrients -- Control by Neurons -- Control by Other Hormones -- Types of Endocrine Disorders -- Hyposecretion -- Hypersecretion -- Hyporesponsiveness and Hyperresponsiveness. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. ch. 10 ch. 11 Section A 11A.1. 11A.2. 11A.3. 11A.4. 11A.5. 11A.6. The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland -- Control Systems Involving the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland -- Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones -- Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones and the Hypothalamus -- The Thyroid Gland -- Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones -- Control of Thyroid Function -- Actions of Thyroid Hormones -- Metabolic Actions -- Permissive Actions -- Growth and Development -- Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism -- The Endocrine Response to Stress -- Physiological Functions of Cortisol -- Functions of Cortisol in Stress -- Adrenal Insufficiency and Cushing's Syndrome -- Other Hormones Released During Stress -- Psychological Stress and Disease -- Endocrine Control of Growth -- Bone Growth -- Environmental Factors Influencing Growth -- Hormonal Influences on Growth -- Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factors -- Thyroid Hormones -- Insulin -- Sex Hormones -- Cortisol -- Endocrine Control of Ca2+ Homeostasis. Section B 11B.1. Section C 11C.1. 11C.2. 11C.3. 11C.4. Section D 11D.1. 11D.2. 11D.3. 11D.4. 11D.5. Section E 11E.1. 11E.2. 11E.3. Section F Effector Sites for Ca2+ Homeostasis -- Bone -- Kidneys -- Gastrointestinal Tract -- Hormonal Controls -- Parathyroid Hormone -- 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D -- Calcitonin -- Metabolic Bone Diseases -- Hypercalcemia -- Hypocalcemia -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Cardiovascular Physiology -- Overall Design of the Circulatory System -- System Overview -- Pressure, Flow, and Resistance -- The Heart -- Anatomy -- Cardiac Muscle -- Heartbeat Coordination -- Sequence of Excitation -- Cardiac Action Potentials and Excitation of the SA Node -- The Electrocardiogram -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling -- Refractory Period of the Heart -- Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle -- Mid-Diastole to Late Diastole -- Systole -- Early Diastole -- Pulmonary Circulation Pressures -- Heart Sounds -- The Cardiac Output -- Control of Heart Rate -- Control of Stroke Volume -- Measurement of Cardiac Function. 11F.1. 11F.2. 11F.3. ch. 11 ch. 12 Section A 12A.1. 12A.2. Section B 12B.1. 12B.2. 12B.3. 12B.4. 12B.5. The Vascular System -- Arteries -- Arterial Blood Pressure -- Measurement of Systemic Arterial Pressure -- Arterioles -- Local Controls -- Extrinsic Controls -- Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth Muscle -- Arteriolar Control in Specific Organs -- Capillaries -- Anatomy of the Capillary Network -- Velocity of Capillary Blood Flow -- Diffusion Across the Capillary Wall: Exchanges of Nutrients and Metabolic End Products -- Bulk Flow Across the Capillary Wall: Distribution of the Extracellular Fluid -- Veins -- Determinants of Venous Pressure -- The Lymphatic System -- Mechanism of Lymph Flow -- Integration of Cardiovascular Function: Regulation of Systemic Arterial Pressure -- Baroreceptor Reflexes -- Arterial Baroreceptors -- The Medullary Cardiovascular Center -- Operation of the Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex -- Other Baroreceptors -- Blood Volume and Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure -- Other Cardiovascular Reflexes and Responses -- Cardiovascular Patterns in Health and Disease. Section C 12C.1. 12C.2. 12C.3. 12C.4. 12C.5. Section D 12D.1. 12D.2. 12D.3. Section E Hemorrhage and Other Causes of Hypotension -- Shock -- The Upright Posture -- Exercise -- Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Training -- Hypertension -- Heart Failure -- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Attacks -- Blood and Hemostasis -- Plasma -- The Blood Cells -- Erythrocytes -- Leukocytes -- Platelets -- Regulation of Blood Cell Production -- Hemostasis: The Prevention of Blood Loss -- Formation of a Platelet Plug -- Blood Coagulation: Clot Formation -- Anticlotting Systems -- Anticlotting Drugs -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Respiratory Physiology -- Organization of the Respiratory System -- The Airways and Blood Vessels -- Site of Gas Exchange: The Alveoli -- Relation of the Lungs to the Thoracic (Chest) Wall -- Ventilation and Lung Mechanics -- How is a Stable Balance Achieved Between Breaths? -- Inspiration -- Expiration -- Lung Compliance -- Airway Resistance -- Lung Volumes and Capacities -- Alveolar Ventilation. 12E.1. 12E.2. 12E.3. 12E.4. 12E.5. 12E.6. 12E.7. Section F 12F.1. 12F.2. 12F.3. ch. 12 ch. 13 13.1. 13.2. Exchange of Gases in Alveoli and Tissues -- Partial Pressures of Gases -- Alveolar Gas Pressures -- Gas Exchange Between Alveoli and Blood -- Matching of Ventilation and Blood Flow in Alveoli -- Gas Exchange Between Tissues and Blood -- Transport of Oxygen in Blood -- What is the Effect of Po2 on Hemoglobin Saturation? -- Effects of Blood Pco2' H+ Concentration, Temperature, and DPG Concentration on Hemoglobin Saturation -- Transport of Carbon Dioxide in Blood -- Transport of Hydrogen Ion Between Tissues and Lungs -- Control of Respiration -- Neural Generation of Rhythmic Breathing -- Control of Ventilation by Po2' Pco2, and H+ Concentration -- Control of Ventilation During Exercise -- Other Ventilatory Responses -- Hypoxia -- Why Do Ventilation-Perfusion Abnormalities Affect O2 More Than CO2? -- Emphysema -- Acclimatization to High Altitude -- Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs -- Clinical Cast Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions -- Basic Principles of Renal Physiology. 13.3. 13.4. 13.5. 13.6. 13.7. 13.8. 13.9. ch. 13 ch. 14 Section A Renal Functions -- Structure of the Kidneys and Urinary System -- Basic Renal Processes -- Glomerular Filtration -- Tubular Reabsorption -- Tubular Secretion -- Metabolism by the Tubules -- Regulation of Membrane Channels and Transporters -- "Division of Labor" in the Tubules -- The Concept of Renal Clearance -- Micturition -- Incontinence -- Regulation of Ion and Water Balance -- Total-Body Balance of Sodium and Water -- Basic Renal Processes for Sodium and Water -- Primary Active Na+ Reabsorption -- Coupling of Water Reabsorption to Na+ Resbsorption -- Urine Concentration: The Countercurrent Multiplier System -- Renal Sodium Regulation -- Control of GFR -- Control of Na+ Reabsorption -- Renal Water Regulation -- Osmoreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion -- Baroreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion -- A Summary Example: The Response to Sweating -- Thirst and Salt Appetite -- Potassium Regulation -- Renal Regulation of K+ -- Renal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ion. 14A.1. 14A.2. 14A.3. 14A.4. 14A.5. Section B 14B.1. 14B.2. 14B.3. 14B.4. 14B.5. 14B.6. 14B.7. 14B.8. Summary -- Division of Labor -- Diuretics -- Hydrogen Ion Regulation -- Sources of Hydrogen Ion Gain or Loss -- Buffering of Hydrogen Ion in the Body -- Integration of Homeostatic Controls -- Renal Mechanisms -- HCO3 -- Handling -- Addition of New HCO3 -- to the Plasma -- Renal Responses to Acidosis and Alkalosis -- Classification of Acidosis and Alkalosis -- Clinical Case Study -- Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, and Transplantation -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Digestion and Absorption of Food -- Overview: Functions of the Gastrointestinal Organs -- Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall -- Digestion and Absorption -- Carbohydrate -- Protein -- Fat -- Vitamins -- Water and Minerals -- How Are Gastrointestinal Processes Regulated? -- Basic Principles -- Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus -- Stomach -- Pancreatic Secretions -- Bile Secretion and Liver Function -- Small Intestine -- Large Intestine. 14B.9. 14B.10. Section C 14C.1. 14C.2. 14C.3. 14C.4. 14C.5. ch. 14 ch. 15 15.1. 15.2. 15.3. 15.4. Pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Ulcers -- Vomiting -- Gallstones -- Lactose Intolerance -- Constipation and Diarrhea -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance -- Control and Integration of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Metabolism -- Events of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States -- Absorptive State -- Postabsorptive State. 15.5. ch. 15 ch. 16 Section A 16A.1. Note continued: Endocrine and Neural Control of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States -- Insulin -- Glucagon -- Epinephrine and Sympathetic Nerves to Liver and Adipose Tissue -- Cortisol -- Growth Hormone -- Summary of Hormonal Controls -- Hypoglycemia -- Energy Homeostasis in Exercise and Stress -- Regulation of Total-Body Energy Balance and Temperature -- Basic Concepts of Energy Expenditure -- Metabolic Rate -- Regulation of Total-Body Energy Stores -- Control of Food Intake -- Overweight and Obesity -- Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa -- What Should We Eat? -- Regulation of Body Temperature -- Mechanisms of Heat Loss or Gain -- Temperature-Regulating Reflexes -- Temperature Acclimatization -- Fever and Hyperthermia -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries. 16A.2. 16A.3. Section B 16B.1. 16B.2. 16B.3. 16B.4. ch. 16 Reproduction -- Overview of Terminology and General Principles -- Gametogenesis, Sex Determination, and Sex Differentiation -- Gametogenesis -- Sex Determination -- Sex Differentiation -- Differentiation of the Gonads -- Differentiation of Internal and External Genitalia -- Sexual Differentiation of the Central Nervous System and Homosexuality -- Male Reproductive Physiology -- Anatomy -- Spermatogenesis -- Transport of Sperm -- Erection -- Ejaculation -- Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Functions -- Control of the Testes -- Testosterone -- Puberty -- Secondary Sex Characteristics and Growth -- Behavior -- Hypogonadism -- Andropause -- Female Reproductive Physiology -- Anatomy -- Ovarian Functions -- Oogenesis -- Follicle Growth -- Formation of the Corpus Luteum -- Sites of Synthesis of Ovarian Hormones. Ch. 17 Section A Section B 17B.1. 17B.2. 17B.3. 17B.4. Section C 17C.1. 17C.2. 17C.3. 17C.4. 17C.5. 17C.6. 17C.7. Section D 17D.1. 17D.2. Control of Ovarian Function -- Follicle Development and Estrogen Synthesis During the Early and Middle Follicular Phases -- LH Surge and Ovulation -- The Luteal Phase -- Uterine Changes in the Menstrual Cycle -- Other Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone -- Androgens in Women -- Puberty -- Female Sexual Response -- Pregnancy -- Egg Transport -- Intercourse, Sperm Transport, and Capacitation -- Fertilization -- Early Development, Implantation, and Placentation -- Hormonal and Other Changes During Pregnancy -- Parturition -- Lactation -- Contraception -- Infertility -- Menopause -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Immune System -- Cells and Secretions Mediating Immune Defenses -- Immune Cells -- Cytokines -- Innate Immune Responses -- Defenses at Body Surfaces -- Inflammation -- Interferons -- Toll-Like Receptors. 17D.3. 17D.4. 17D.5. 17D.6. 17D.7. 17D.8. 17D.9. 17D.10. ch. 17 ch. 18 18.1. 18.2. Adaptive Immune Responses -- Overview -- Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Origins -- Functions of B Cells and T Cells -- Lymphocyte Receptors -- Antigen Presentation to T Cells -- NK Cells -- Development of Immune Tolerance -- Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses: Defenses Against Bacteria, Extracellular Viruses, and Toxins -- Defenses Against Virus-Infected Cells and Cancer Cells -- Systemic Manifestations of Infection -- Factors That Alter the Resistance to Infection -- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) -- Antibiotics -- Harmful Immune Responses -- Graft Rejection -- Transfusion Reactions -- Allergy (Hypersensitivity) -- Autoimmune Disease -- Excessive Inflammatory Responses -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases -- A Woman with Palpitations and Heat Intolerance -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination. 18.3. 18.4. 18.5. 18.6. ch. 18 ch. 19 Case 19-1 19-1.1. 19-1.2. Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Physiological Integration -- Therapy -- A Man with Chest Pain After a Long Airplane Flight -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Physiological Integration -- Therapy -- A Man with Abdominal Pain, Fever, and Circulatory Failure -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Physiological Integration -- Therapy -- A College Student with Nausea, Flushing, and Sweating -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Therapy. 19-1.3. 19-1.4. 19-1.5. 19-1.6. Case 19-2 19-2.1. 19-2.2. 19-2.3. 19-2.4. 19-2.5. 19-2.6. Case 19-3 19-3.1. 19-3.2. 19-3.3. 19-3.4. 19-3.5. 19-3.6. Case 19-4 19-4.1. 19-4.2. 19-4.3. 19-4.4. 19-4.5. 19-4.6.
9780077350017 (hbk.) 0073378100 (hard copy : alk. paper) 9780073378107 (hard copy : alk. paper) 0077350014 (hbk.) 9780071222150 (pbk.) 0071222154 (pbk.)
2010010358
Human physiology--Textbooks.
612 / VAW
Vander's human physiology : the mechanisms of body function / Human physiology. Eric P. Widmaier, Hershel Raff, Kevin T. Strang. - 12th ed. / Eric P. Widmaier, Hershel Raff, Kevin T. Strang. - New York : McGraw-Hill, c2011. - p;686 ill. (chiefly col.) ; 29 cm.
Includes index.
Homeostasis: a framework for human physiology -- Chemical composition of the body -- Cellular structure, proteins, and metabolism -- Movement of molecules across cell membranes -- Control of cells by chemical messengers -- Neuronal signaling and the structure of the nervous system -- Sensory physiology -- Consciousness, the brain, and behavior -- Muscle -- Control of Body Movement -- The endocrine system -- Cardiovascular physiology -- Respiratory physiology -- The kidneys and regulation of water and inorganic ions -- The digestion and absorption of food -- Regulation of organic metabolism and energy balance -- Reproduction -- The immune system -- Medical physiology: integration using clinical cases. Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology -- The Scope of Human Physiology -- How Is the Body Organized? -- Muscle Cells and Tissue -- Neurons and Nervous Tissue -- Epithelial Cells and Epithelial Tissue -- Connective-Tissue Cells and Connective Tissue -- Organs and Organ Systems -- Body Fluid Compartments -- Homeostasis: A Defining Feature of Physiology -- General Characteristics of Homeostatic Control Systems -- Feedback Systems -- Resetting of Set Points -- Feedforward Regulation -- Components of Homeostatic Control Systems -- Reflexes -- Local Homeostatic Responses -- Intercellular Chemical Messengers -- Processes Related to Homeostasis -- Adaptation and Acclimatization -- Biological Rhythms -- Balance in the Homeostasis of Chemical Substances in the Body -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Chemical Composition of the Body. Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 1.8. ch. 1 ch. 2 Atoms -- Components of Atoms -- Atomic Number -- Atomic Weight -- Ions -- Atomic Composition of the Body -- Molecules -- Covalent Chemical Bonds -- Hydrogen Bonds -- Molecular Shape -- Ionic Molecules -- Free Radicals -- Solutions -- Water -- Molecular Solubility -- Concentration -- Hydrogen Ions and Acidity -- Classes of Organic Molecules -- Carbohydrates -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Nucleic Acids -- ATP -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism -- Cell Structure -- Microscopic Observations of Cells -- Membranes -- Membrane Structure -- Membrane Junctions -- Cell Organelles -- Nucleus -- Ribosomes -- Endoplasmic Reticulum -- Golgi Apparatus -- Endosomes -- Mitochondria -- Lysosomes -- Peroxisomes -- Vaults -- Cytoskeleton -- Proteins -- Genetic Code -- Protein Synthesis -- Transcription: mRNA Synthesis -- Translation: Polypeptide Synthesis -- Regulation of Protein Synthesis -- Mutation. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. ch. 2 ch. 3 Section A 3A.1. 3A.2. 3A.3. Section B 3B.1. 3B.2. Protein Degradation -- Protein Secretion -- Protein-Binding Sites -- t 3B.3. 3B.4. Section C 3C.1. Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes -- Diffusion -- Magnitude and Direction of Diffusion -- Diffusion Rate Versus Distance -- Diffusion Through Membranes -- Mediated-Transport Systems -- Facilitated Diffusion -- Active Transport -- Osmosis -- Extracellular Osmolarity and Cell Volume -- Endocytosis and Exocytosis -- Endocytosis -- Exocytosis -- Epithelial Transport -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers -- Receptors -- Regulation of Receptors -- Signal Transduction Pathways -- Pathways Initiated by Lipid-Soluble Messengers -- Pathways Initiated by Water-Soluble Messengers -- Plasma Membrane Receptors and Gene Transcription -- Cessation of Activity in Signal Transduction Pathways -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System -- Neural Tissue. Ch. 4 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. ch. 4 ch. 5 5.1. 5.2. ch. 5 ch. 6 Section A Structure and Maintenance of Neurons -- Functional Classes of Neurons -- Glial Cells -- Neural Growth and Regeneration -- Membrane Potentials -- Basic Principles of Electricity -- The Resting Membrane Potential -- Graded Potentials and Action Potentials -- Graded Potentials -- Action Potentials -- Synapses -- Functional Anatomy of Synapses -- t 6A.1. 6A.2. 6A.3. 6A.4. Section B 6B.1. 6B.2. 6B.3. Section C 6C.1. 6C.2. Peripheral Nervous System -- Autonomic Nervous System -- Blood Supply, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Sensory Physiology -- General Principles -- Sensory Receptors -- The Receptor Potential -- Primary Sensory Coding -- Stimulus Type -- Stimulus Intensity -- Stimulus Location -- Central Control of Afferent Information -- Ascending Neural Pathways in Sensory Systems -- Association Cortex and Perceptual Processing -- Factors That Affect Perception -- Specific Sensory Systems -- Somatic Sensation -- Touch and Pressure -- Sense of Posture and Movement -- Temperature -- Pain -- Neural Pathways of the Somatosensory System -- Vision -- Light -- Overview of Eye Anatomy -- The Optics of Vision -- Photoreceptor Cells and Phototransduction -- Neural Pathways of Vision -- Color Vision -- Color Blindness -- Eye Movement. 6D.3. 6D.4. 6D.5. ch. 6 ch. 7 Section A 7A.1. 7A.2. 7A.3. 7A.4. Section B 7B.1. 7B.2. Hearing -- Sound -- Sound Transmission in the Ear -- Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti -- Neural Pathways in Hearing -- Vestibular System -- The Semicircular Canals -- The Utricle and Saccule -- Vestibular Information and Pathways -- Chemical Senses -- Taste -- Smell -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior -- States of Consciousness -- Electroencephalogram -- The Waking State -- Sleep -- Neural Substrates of States of Consciousness -- Coma and Brain Death -- Conscious Experiences -- Selective Attention -- Neural Mechanisms of Conscious Experiences -- Motivation and Emotion -- Motivation -- Emotion -- Altered States of Consciousness -- Schizophrenia -- The Mood Disorders: Depressions and Bipolar Disorders -- Psychoactive Substances, Dependences, and Tolerance -- Learning and Memory -- Memory -- The Neural Basis of Learning and Memory -- Cerebral Dominance and Language. 7B.3. 7B.4. 7B.5. ch. 7 ch. 8 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Muscle -- Skeletal Muscle -- Structure -- Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Contraction -- Sliding-Filament Mechanism -- Roles of Troponin, Tropomyosin, and Ca2+ in Contraction -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling -- Membrane Excitation: The Neuromuscular Junction -- Mechanics of Single-Fiber Contraction -- Twitch Contractions -- Load-Velocity Relation -- Length-Tension Relation -- Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism -- Muscle Fatigue -- Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers -- Whole-Muscle Contraction -- Control of Muscle Tension -- Control of Shortening Velocity -- Muscle Adaptation to Exercise -- Lever Action of Muscles and Bones -- Skeletal Muscle Disorders -- Muscle Cramps -- Hypocalcemic Tetany -- Muscular Dystrophy -- Myasthenia Gravis -- Smooth and Cardiac Muscle -- Structure of Smooth Muscle. Ch. 8 ch. 9 Section A 9A.1. 9A.2. 9A.3. 9A.4. 9A.5. 9A.6. 9A.7. Section B 9B.1. Smooth Muscle Contraction and Its Control -- Cross-Bridge Activation -- Sources of Cytosolic Ca2+ -- Membrane Activation -- Types of Smooth Muscle -- Cardiac Muscle -- Cellular Structure of Cardiac Muscle -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Control of Body Movement -- Motor Control Hierarchy -- Voluntary and Involuntary Actions -- Local Control of Motor Neurons -- Interneurons -- Local Afferent Input -- The Brain Motor Centers and the Descending Pathways They Control -- Cerebral Cortex -- Subcortical and Brainstem Nuclei -- Cerebellum -- Descending Pathways. 9B.2. 9B.3. ch. 9 ch. 10 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. Note continued: Muscle Tone -- Abnormal Muscle Tone -- Maintenance of Upright Posture and Balance -- Walking -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Endocrine System -- Principles of Hormonal Control Systems -- Hormone Structures and Synthesis -- Amine Hormones -- Peptide and Protein Hormones -- Steroid Hormones -- Hormone Transport in the Blood -- Hormone Metabolism and Excretion -- Mechanisms of Hormone Action -- Hormone Receptors -- Events Elicited by Hormone-Receptor Binding -- Pharmacological Effects of Hormones -- Inputs That Control Hormone Secretion -- Control by Plasma Concentrations of Mineral Ions or Organic Nutrients -- Control by Neurons -- Control by Other Hormones -- Types of Endocrine Disorders -- Hyposecretion -- Hypersecretion -- Hyporesponsiveness and Hyperresponsiveness. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. ch. 10 ch. 11 Section A 11A.1. 11A.2. 11A.3. 11A.4. 11A.5. 11A.6. The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland -- Control Systems Involving the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland -- Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones -- Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones and the Hypothalamus -- The Thyroid Gland -- Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones -- Control of Thyroid Function -- Actions of Thyroid Hormones -- Metabolic Actions -- Permissive Actions -- Growth and Development -- Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism -- The Endocrine Response to Stress -- Physiological Functions of Cortisol -- Functions of Cortisol in Stress -- Adrenal Insufficiency and Cushing's Syndrome -- Other Hormones Released During Stress -- Psychological Stress and Disease -- Endocrine Control of Growth -- Bone Growth -- Environmental Factors Influencing Growth -- Hormonal Influences on Growth -- Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factors -- Thyroid Hormones -- Insulin -- Sex Hormones -- Cortisol -- Endocrine Control of Ca2+ Homeostasis. Section B 11B.1. Section C 11C.1. 11C.2. 11C.3. 11C.4. Section D 11D.1. 11D.2. 11D.3. 11D.4. 11D.5. Section E 11E.1. 11E.2. 11E.3. Section F Effector Sites for Ca2+ Homeostasis -- Bone -- Kidneys -- Gastrointestinal Tract -- Hormonal Controls -- Parathyroid Hormone -- 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D -- Calcitonin -- Metabolic Bone Diseases -- Hypercalcemia -- Hypocalcemia -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Cardiovascular Physiology -- Overall Design of the Circulatory System -- System Overview -- Pressure, Flow, and Resistance -- The Heart -- Anatomy -- Cardiac Muscle -- Heartbeat Coordination -- Sequence of Excitation -- Cardiac Action Potentials and Excitation of the SA Node -- The Electrocardiogram -- Excitation-Contraction Coupling -- Refractory Period of the Heart -- Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle -- Mid-Diastole to Late Diastole -- Systole -- Early Diastole -- Pulmonary Circulation Pressures -- Heart Sounds -- The Cardiac Output -- Control of Heart Rate -- Control of Stroke Volume -- Measurement of Cardiac Function. 11F.1. 11F.2. 11F.3. ch. 11 ch. 12 Section A 12A.1. 12A.2. Section B 12B.1. 12B.2. 12B.3. 12B.4. 12B.5. The Vascular System -- Arteries -- Arterial Blood Pressure -- Measurement of Systemic Arterial Pressure -- Arterioles -- Local Controls -- Extrinsic Controls -- Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth Muscle -- Arteriolar Control in Specific Organs -- Capillaries -- Anatomy of the Capillary Network -- Velocity of Capillary Blood Flow -- Diffusion Across the Capillary Wall: Exchanges of Nutrients and Metabolic End Products -- Bulk Flow Across the Capillary Wall: Distribution of the Extracellular Fluid -- Veins -- Determinants of Venous Pressure -- The Lymphatic System -- Mechanism of Lymph Flow -- Integration of Cardiovascular Function: Regulation of Systemic Arterial Pressure -- Baroreceptor Reflexes -- Arterial Baroreceptors -- The Medullary Cardiovascular Center -- Operation of the Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex -- Other Baroreceptors -- Blood Volume and Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure -- Other Cardiovascular Reflexes and Responses -- Cardiovascular Patterns in Health and Disease. Section C 12C.1. 12C.2. 12C.3. 12C.4. 12C.5. Section D 12D.1. 12D.2. 12D.3. Section E Hemorrhage and Other Causes of Hypotension -- Shock -- The Upright Posture -- Exercise -- Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Training -- Hypertension -- Heart Failure -- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Attacks -- Blood and Hemostasis -- Plasma -- The Blood Cells -- Erythrocytes -- Leukocytes -- Platelets -- Regulation of Blood Cell Production -- Hemostasis: The Prevention of Blood Loss -- Formation of a Platelet Plug -- Blood Coagulation: Clot Formation -- Anticlotting Systems -- Anticlotting Drugs -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Respiratory Physiology -- Organization of the Respiratory System -- The Airways and Blood Vessels -- Site of Gas Exchange: The Alveoli -- Relation of the Lungs to the Thoracic (Chest) Wall -- Ventilation and Lung Mechanics -- How is a Stable Balance Achieved Between Breaths? -- Inspiration -- Expiration -- Lung Compliance -- Airway Resistance -- Lung Volumes and Capacities -- Alveolar Ventilation. 12E.1. 12E.2. 12E.3. 12E.4. 12E.5. 12E.6. 12E.7. Section F 12F.1. 12F.2. 12F.3. ch. 12 ch. 13 13.1. 13.2. Exchange of Gases in Alveoli and Tissues -- Partial Pressures of Gases -- Alveolar Gas Pressures -- Gas Exchange Between Alveoli and Blood -- Matching of Ventilation and Blood Flow in Alveoli -- Gas Exchange Between Tissues and Blood -- Transport of Oxygen in Blood -- What is the Effect of Po2 on Hemoglobin Saturation? -- Effects of Blood Pco2' H+ Concentration, Temperature, and DPG Concentration on Hemoglobin Saturation -- Transport of Carbon Dioxide in Blood -- Transport of Hydrogen Ion Between Tissues and Lungs -- Control of Respiration -- Neural Generation of Rhythmic Breathing -- Control of Ventilation by Po2' Pco2, and H+ Concentration -- Control of Ventilation During Exercise -- Other Ventilatory Responses -- Hypoxia -- Why Do Ventilation-Perfusion Abnormalities Affect O2 More Than CO2? -- Emphysema -- Acclimatization to High Altitude -- Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs -- Clinical Cast Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions -- Basic Principles of Renal Physiology. 13.3. 13.4. 13.5. 13.6. 13.7. 13.8. 13.9. ch. 13 ch. 14 Section A Renal Functions -- Structure of the Kidneys and Urinary System -- Basic Renal Processes -- Glomerular Filtration -- Tubular Reabsorption -- Tubular Secretion -- Metabolism by the Tubules -- Regulation of Membrane Channels and Transporters -- "Division of Labor" in the Tubules -- The Concept of Renal Clearance -- Micturition -- Incontinence -- Regulation of Ion and Water Balance -- Total-Body Balance of Sodium and Water -- Basic Renal Processes for Sodium and Water -- Primary Active Na+ Reabsorption -- Coupling of Water Reabsorption to Na+ Resbsorption -- Urine Concentration: The Countercurrent Multiplier System -- Renal Sodium Regulation -- Control of GFR -- Control of Na+ Reabsorption -- Renal Water Regulation -- Osmoreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion -- Baroreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion -- A Summary Example: The Response to Sweating -- Thirst and Salt Appetite -- Potassium Regulation -- Renal Regulation of K+ -- Renal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ion. 14A.1. 14A.2. 14A.3. 14A.4. 14A.5. Section B 14B.1. 14B.2. 14B.3. 14B.4. 14B.5. 14B.6. 14B.7. 14B.8. Summary -- Division of Labor -- Diuretics -- Hydrogen Ion Regulation -- Sources of Hydrogen Ion Gain or Loss -- Buffering of Hydrogen Ion in the Body -- Integration of Homeostatic Controls -- Renal Mechanisms -- HCO3 -- Handling -- Addition of New HCO3 -- to the Plasma -- Renal Responses to Acidosis and Alkalosis -- Classification of Acidosis and Alkalosis -- Clinical Case Study -- Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, and Transplantation -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Digestion and Absorption of Food -- Overview: Functions of the Gastrointestinal Organs -- Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract Wall -- Digestion and Absorption -- Carbohydrate -- Protein -- Fat -- Vitamins -- Water and Minerals -- How Are Gastrointestinal Processes Regulated? -- Basic Principles -- Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus -- Stomach -- Pancreatic Secretions -- Bile Secretion and Liver Function -- Small Intestine -- Large Intestine. 14B.9. 14B.10. Section C 14C.1. 14C.2. 14C.3. 14C.4. 14C.5. ch. 14 ch. 15 15.1. 15.2. 15.3. 15.4. Pathophysiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Ulcers -- Vomiting -- Gallstones -- Lactose Intolerance -- Constipation and Diarrhea -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance -- Control and Integration of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Metabolism -- Events of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States -- Absorptive State -- Postabsorptive State. 15.5. ch. 15 ch. 16 Section A 16A.1. Note continued: Endocrine and Neural Control of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States -- Insulin -- Glucagon -- Epinephrine and Sympathetic Nerves to Liver and Adipose Tissue -- Cortisol -- Growth Hormone -- Summary of Hormonal Controls -- Hypoglycemia -- Energy Homeostasis in Exercise and Stress -- Regulation of Total-Body Energy Balance and Temperature -- Basic Concepts of Energy Expenditure -- Metabolic Rate -- Regulation of Total-Body Energy Stores -- Control of Food Intake -- Overweight and Obesity -- Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa -- What Should We Eat? -- Regulation of Body Temperature -- Mechanisms of Heat Loss or Gain -- Temperature-Regulating Reflexes -- Temperature Acclimatization -- Fever and Hyperthermia -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries. 16A.2. 16A.3. Section B 16B.1. 16B.2. 16B.3. 16B.4. ch. 16 Reproduction -- Overview of Terminology and General Principles -- Gametogenesis, Sex Determination, and Sex Differentiation -- Gametogenesis -- Sex Determination -- Sex Differentiation -- Differentiation of the Gonads -- Differentiation of Internal and External Genitalia -- Sexual Differentiation of the Central Nervous System and Homosexuality -- Male Reproductive Physiology -- Anatomy -- Spermatogenesis -- Transport of Sperm -- Erection -- Ejaculation -- Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Functions -- Control of the Testes -- Testosterone -- Puberty -- Secondary Sex Characteristics and Growth -- Behavior -- Hypogonadism -- Andropause -- Female Reproductive Physiology -- Anatomy -- Ovarian Functions -- Oogenesis -- Follicle Growth -- Formation of the Corpus Luteum -- Sites of Synthesis of Ovarian Hormones. Ch. 17 Section A Section B 17B.1. 17B.2. 17B.3. 17B.4. Section C 17C.1. 17C.2. 17C.3. 17C.4. 17C.5. 17C.6. 17C.7. Section D 17D.1. 17D.2. Control of Ovarian Function -- Follicle Development and Estrogen Synthesis During the Early and Middle Follicular Phases -- LH Surge and Ovulation -- The Luteal Phase -- Uterine Changes in the Menstrual Cycle -- Other Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone -- Androgens in Women -- Puberty -- Female Sexual Response -- Pregnancy -- Egg Transport -- Intercourse, Sperm Transport, and Capacitation -- Fertilization -- Early Development, Implantation, and Placentation -- Hormonal and Other Changes During Pregnancy -- Parturition -- Lactation -- Contraception -- Infertility -- Menopause -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- The Immune System -- Cells and Secretions Mediating Immune Defenses -- Immune Cells -- Cytokines -- Innate Immune Responses -- Defenses at Body Surfaces -- Inflammation -- Interferons -- Toll-Like Receptors. 17D.3. 17D.4. 17D.5. 17D.6. 17D.7. 17D.8. 17D.9. 17D.10. ch. 17 ch. 18 18.1. 18.2. Adaptive Immune Responses -- Overview -- Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Origins -- Functions of B Cells and T Cells -- Lymphocyte Receptors -- Antigen Presentation to T Cells -- NK Cells -- Development of Immune Tolerance -- Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses: Defenses Against Bacteria, Extracellular Viruses, and Toxins -- Defenses Against Virus-Infected Cells and Cancer Cells -- Systemic Manifestations of Infection -- Factors That Alter the Resistance to Infection -- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) -- Antibiotics -- Harmful Immune Responses -- Graft Rejection -- Transfusion Reactions -- Allergy (Hypersensitivity) -- Autoimmune Disease -- Excessive Inflammatory Responses -- Clinical Case Study -- Test Questions -- Quantitative and Thought Questions -- Answers to Physiological Inquiries -- Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases -- A Woman with Palpitations and Heat Intolerance -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination. 18.3. 18.4. 18.5. 18.6. ch. 18 ch. 19 Case 19-1 19-1.1. 19-1.2. Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Physiological Integration -- Therapy -- A Man with Chest Pain After a Long Airplane Flight -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Physiological Integration -- Therapy -- A Man with Abdominal Pain, Fever, and Circulatory Failure -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Physiological Integration -- Therapy -- A College Student with Nausea, Flushing, and Sweating -- Case Presentation -- Physical Examination -- Laboratory Tests -- Diagnosis -- Therapy. 19-1.3. 19-1.4. 19-1.5. 19-1.6. Case 19-2 19-2.1. 19-2.2. 19-2.3. 19-2.4. 19-2.5. 19-2.6. Case 19-3 19-3.1. 19-3.2. 19-3.3. 19-3.4. 19-3.5. 19-3.6. Case 19-4 19-4.1. 19-4.2. 19-4.3. 19-4.4. 19-4.5. 19-4.6.
9780077350017 (hbk.) 0073378100 (hard copy : alk. paper) 9780073378107 (hard copy : alk. paper) 0077350014 (hbk.) 9780071222150 (pbk.) 0071222154 (pbk.)
2010010358
Human physiology--Textbooks.
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